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Topic:
The Book Of Proverbs -- A Brief Overview
The title of the book of Proverbs in Hebrew is taken from its first
word, mashal, which originally meant "a comparison." It is
sometimes translated parable, sometimes proverb as here. The
superscriptions which are affixed to several portions of the book, in
chs. (Proverbs 1:1; 10:1; 25:1) attribute the authorship of those
portions to Solomon the son of David, king of Israel. With the exception
of the last two chapters, which are distinctly assigned to other author
it is probable that the statement of the superscriptions is in the main
correct, and that the majority of the proverbs contained in the book
were uttered or collected by Solomon. Speaking roughly, the book
consists of three main divisions, with two appendices:--
Chs. 1-9 form a connected didactic Wisdom is praised and the youth
exhorted to devote himself to her. This portion is preceded by an
introduction and title describing the character and general aim of the
book.
Chs. 10-24 with the title "The Proverbs of Solomon," consist
of three parts: (Proverbs 10:1-22; Proverbs 10:16) a collection of
single proverbs and detached sentences out of the region of moral
teaching and worldly prudence; (Proverbs 22:17-24; Proverbs 22:21) a
more connected didactic poem, with an introduction, (Proverbs 22:17-22)
which contains precepts of righteousness and prudence; (Proverbs
24:23-34) with the inscription "These also belong to the
wise," a collection of unconnected maxims, which serve as an
appendix to the preceding. Then follows the third division chs. 25-29,
which, according to the superscription, professes to be collection of
Solomon's proverbs, consisting of single sentences, which the men of the
court of Hezekiah copied out. The first appendix, ch. 30, "The
words of Agur the son of Jakeh," is a collection of partly
proverbial and partly enigmatical sayings; the second, ch. 31, is
divided into two parts, "The words of King Lemuel," vs. 1-6,
and an alphabetical acrostic in praise of a virtuous woman, which
occupies the rest of the chapter. Who was Agur and who was Jakeh, are
questions which have been often asked and never satisfactorily answered.
All that can be said of the first is that he was an unknown Hebrew sage,
the son of an equally unknown Jakeh, and that he lived after the time of
Hezekiah. Lemuel, like Agur, is unknown. It is even uncertain whether he
is to be regarded as a real personage, or whether the name is merely
symbolical. The Proverbs are frequently quoted or alluded to in the New
Testament and the canonicity of the book thereby confirmed. The
following is a list of the principal passages:-- (Proverbs 1:16) compare
Roma 3:10,15 (Proverbs 3:7) compare Roma 12:16 (Proverbs 3:11,12)
compare Hebr 12:5,6, see also Reve 3:19 (Proverbs 3:34) compare Jame 4:6
(Proverbs 10:12) compare 1Pet 4:8 (Proverbs 11:31) compare 1Pet 4:18
(Proverbs 17:13) compare Roma 12:17; 1The 5:15; 1Pet 3:9 (Proverbs
17:27) compare Jame 1:19 (Proverbs 20:9) compare 1Joh 1:8 (Proverbs
20:20) compare Matt 15:4; Mark 7:10 (Proverbs 22:8) (LXX.), compare 2Cor
9:7 (Proverbs 25:21,22) compare, Roma 12:20 (Proverbs 26:11) compare,
2Pet 2:22 (Proverbs 27:1) compare, Jame 4:13,14
From: Smith's Bible Dictionary. Fair Use. Presented for educational
purposes only.
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